It has slightly more efficient insertion and deletion, and uses less memory than a doubly linked list, but can only be iterated forwards. Slow lookup and access (linear time), but once a position has been found, quick insertion and deletion (constant time). Slow lookup and access (linear time), but once a position has been found, quick insertion and deletion (constant time).Ī singly linked list elements are not stored in contiguous memory. Inserting and erasing at the beginning or in the middle is linear in time.Ī specialization for type bool exists, which optimizes for space by storing bool values as bits.Ī doubly linked list elements are not stored in contiguous memory. Removing the last element takes only constant time, because no resizing happens. Inserting an element to the back of the vector at the end takes amortized constant time. Sequences (arrays/ linked lists): ordered collectionsĪ dynamic array, like C array (i.e., capable of random access) with the ability to resize itself automatically when inserting or erasing an object. The array of objects allocated in a map or hash_map (described below) are of type 'pair' by default, where all the 'first' elements act as the unique keys, each associated with their 'second' value objects. The STL 'pair' can be assigned, copied and compared. The pair container is a simple associative container consisting of a 2- tuple of data elements or objects, called 'first' and 'second', in that fixed order. There are also container adaptors queue, priority_queue, and stack, that are containers with specific interface, using other containers as implementation. The standard associative containers are set, multiset, map, multimap, hash_set, hash_map, hash_multiset and hash_multimap. The standard sequence containers include vector, deque, and list. The containers are objects that store data. The STL contains sequence containers and associative containers. This implementation, developed by Stepanov, Lee, and Musser during the standardization process, became the basis of many implementations offered by compiler and library vendors today. The prospects for early widespread dissemination of the STL were considerably improved with Hewlett-Packard's decision to make its implementation freely available on the Internet in August 1994. Subsequently, the Stepanov and Lee document 17 was incorporated into the ANSI/ISO C++ draft standard (1, parts of clauses 17 through 27). A proposal received final approval at the July 1994 ANSI/ISO committee meeting.
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The requirements for the most significant extension ( associative containers) had to be shown to be consistent by fully implementing them, a task Stepanov delegated to David Musser. The committee had several requests for changes and extensions and the committee members met with Stepanov and Meng Lee to help work out the details. The committee's response was overwhelmingly favorable and led to a request from Andrew Koenig for a formal proposal in time for the March 1994 meeting. In November 1993 Alexander Stepanov presented a library based on generic programming to the ANSI/ISO committee for C++ standardization. Main article: History of the Standard Template Library The STL and the C++ Standard Library are two distinct entities.
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The STL was created as the first library of generic algorithms and data structures for C++, with four ideas in mind: generic programming, abstractness without loss of efficiency, the Von Neumann computation model, and value semantics. Modern C++ compilers are tuned to minimize abstraction penalties arising from heavy use of the STL. This approach provides compile-time polymorphism that is often more efficient than traditional run-time polymorphism.
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The STL achieves its results through the use of templates. STL algorithms are independent of containers, which significantly reduces the complexity of the library. The STL provides a set of common classes for C++, such as containers and associative arrays, that can be used with any built-in type and with any user-defined type that supports some elementary operations (such as copying and assignment). It provides four components called algorithms, containers, functions, and iterators.
BORLAND C++ VECTOR SOFTWARE
The Standard Template Library ( STL) is a software library originally designed by Alexander Stepanov for the C++ programming language that influenced many parts of the C++ Standard Library.